This variant replaces + with minus (-) and . The compiler does this internally and looks for the string in the memory (this memory is often referred as string constant pool).If the string is not found, it creates an object with the string value, which is . It's always best to explicitly specify the desired encoding (i.e. There is one more major difference: one of them does not compile ;-). Penrose diagram of hypothetical astrophysical white hole, confusion between a half wave and a centre tapped full wave rectifier, Received a 'behavior reminder' from manager. Encode a String to UTF-8 Using StandardCharsets.UTF_8.encode and StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode (byteBuffer) We can use the StandardCharsets class to encode a string to specified charset like UTF-8. This means there are a maximum of 2 16, or 65536 possible characters representable as single UTF-16 code units.This character set is called the basic multilingual plane (BMP), and includes the most common characters like the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic alphabets, as . Is Java "pass-by-reference" or "pass-by-value"? I have come across this line of legacy code, which I am trying to figure out: As far as I can understand, it is encoding & decoding using the same charSet. Encoding is a way to convert data from one format to another. Strings are represented fundamentally as sequences of UTF-16 code units.In UTF-16 encoding, every code unit is exact 16 bits long. Is there any reason on passenger airliners not to have a physical lock between throttles? The StringConverter program starts by creating a String containing Unicode characters: String original = new String ("A" + "\u00ea" + "\u00f1" + "\u00fc" + "C"); When printed, the String named original appears as: AC To convert the String object to UTF-8, invoke the getBytes method and specify the appropriate encoding identifier as a parameter. Moreover, the JSON.simple is used for mapping values from the left-hand side to the right-hand side at the time of decoding or parsing and the reverse at the time of encoding. Introduction. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. By signing up, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Java provides a URLEncoderclass for encoding any query string or form parameter into URL encoded format. Start Your Free Software Development Course, Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. XML classifies encoding into two different types they are: 1. JSON is a language-independent data format. C# Programming, Conditional Constructs, Loops, Arrays, OOPS Concept, This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. When you give space between the words, '%20' will be generated, which means the text is being encoded. Not sure if it was just me or something she sent to the whole team. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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If you do not pass a parameter value to String.getBytes() , it returns a byte array that has the String contents encoded using the underlying OS's default charset. 4. getMimeEncoder(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator) This is a method of Base64 class that gives the Encoder object which is encoded with given line length and line separators by MIME type base64 encoding. If * source/destination is a <code>String</code> this version is about three * times as fast due to the fact that the Commons Codec result has to be recoded * to a <code>String</code> from <code>byte[]</code>, which is very * expensive.<br> * <br> * * This encode/decode algorithm doesn't create any temporary arrays as many * other codecs do, it . 3. getMimeEncoder() This is a method of the Base64 class that gives the Base64.Encoder object, which is encoded by MIME type base64 encoding. What is this fallacy: Perfection is impossible, therefore imperfection should be overlooked. Answer 6 Try this : new OutputStreamWriter( new FileOutputStream("Your_file_fullpath" ),Charset.forName("UTF8")) Answer 7 We were having the same issues. For example, the length of a string can be found with the length () method: Example String txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; System.out.println("The length of the txt string is: " + txt.length()); Try it Yourself More String Methods That way, you know it will work even across different systems and JVM configurations. 2. getUrlEncoder() This is a method of the Base64 class that gives the Base64.Encoder object, which is encoded by URL and Filename base64 encoding. This is a guide to Java Base64 Encoding. @RemyLebeau You are both right, sorry, I always though it was UTF-8 max 2 bytes and UTF-16 max 4 bytes. This class also provides three different encodings and decoding technique that can be used at different levels. This shortens the String is the underlying char[] used is much longer. 2. Encoding/Decoding is the method of representing an data, to a different format so that data can be transferred through the network or web. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? There are two ways to create a string in Java: String Literal Using new Keyword String literal String s = "GeeksforGeeks"; Using new keyword String s = new String ("GeeksforGeeks"); StringBuffer is a peer class of String that provides much of the functionality of strings. Encoder usually converts the data into web representation and after received in the other end, decoder converts back the web representation data to original data. Was the ZX Spectrum used for number crunching? Trying to understand how utf8 encoding works in java. . 1. "UTF-8") in your code. String.getBytes() returns the bytes using the platform's default character encoding which does not necessary match internal representation. But if I remove it, other's comments won't make any sense, so that's why it is there. Examples for the Base64 different types of Encoding in java: Next, we write the java code to understand the Base64 Encoder class more clearly with the following example where we encode the string message by using all three different type of encoding, as . By using the String literal. Introduction. Here are the following examples mention below. 8. encode(ByteBuffer buffer) This method returns buffer whose position will be zero and length of the number of resulting encoded bytes of all remaining bytes from the given buffer byte into a newly-allocated ByteBuffer by using the Base64 encoding. This Base64 encoder class can be used to perform the encryption to the byte data, which is available in the java.util.Base64 package of the Java API. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. UTF-32, UCS-2, UTF-16, & UTF-8! The supported encodings vary between different implementations of Java SE 8. char: The char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. UTF-8. How to minimize question-marks when encoding a String as Latin-1? This includes US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, and UTF-16 to name a few. @adosaiguas "UTF-8 encodes each of the 1,112,064[7] code points in the Unicode character set using one to four 8-bit bytes" (wikipedia). 9. wrap(OutputStream os) This method returns the output stream of encoding byte data by using Base64 encoding. So, despite Java using 2 bytes in ram for each char, when chars are "serialized" using UTF-8, they may produce one, two or three bytes in the resulting byte array, that's how the UTF-8 encoding works. A particular implementation of Java may optionally support additional encodings. Is the EU Border Guard Agency able to tell Russian passports issued in Ukraine or Georgia from the legitimate ones? The Base 64 technique is to map the binary data to the [A-za-z0-9+/] set of characters. Let us see a program that shows the basic encoding of JSON data through Java. And, all string variables are instances of the String class. isn't (2 power 16) less than the no of code points? I did not mean the difference in the actual object referred. 2022 - EDUCBA. Encoding is a way to convert data from one format to another. rev2022.12.9.43105. As per java doc definition of char The equivalent of. Here are the following examples mention below. The class Charset defines a set of standard encodings which every implementation of Java platform is mandated to support. Unicode codepoints that do not fit in a single 16-bit char will be encoded using a 2-char pair known as a surrogate pair. @KorayTugay It's already clear by the other's comments that my initial comment was not correct. 5. encode(byte[] src) This method returns an encoded byte array of given all bytes array by using the Base64 encoding. whenComplete() method not working as expected - Flutter Async, iOS app crashes when opening image gallery using image_picker. The Base64 class is introduced in java 8, which contains two nested class, Encoder and Decoder. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Java 8 introduced the Base64 class, which is available in the java.util.Base64. What is encoding and decoding in computer? 10. withoutPadding() This method returns the encoders object, which is encoded but without adding any character at the end for padding. Thanks for pointing that out. Java strings are encoded in memory using UTF-16 instead. Why is the eastern United States green if the wind moves from west to east? a copy of oldString), while this line of code: declares a new variable of type java.lang.String and initializes it to refer to the same String object as the variable oldString. Java OOPs Concepts Naming Convention Object and Class Method Constructor static keyword this keyword Java Inheritance Inheritance (IS-A) Aggregation (HAS-A) Java Polymorphism Method Overloading Method Overriding Covariant Return Type super keyword Instance Initializer block final keyword Runtime Polymorphism Dynamic Binding instanceof operator Our website specializes in programming languages. Use String.getBytes(String charsetName) instead and explicit specify the character set that should be used for encoding your String into bytes. URL Output is mapped to set of characters lying in A-Za-z0-9+_. - Cagatay In the above program, the no of bytes allocated for that string is 3 but in the third line which returns first character( 2 bytes in java) can hold a character which is 3 bytes long? @T.J.Crowder: +1 , ofcourse! The encoder treats the encoded output stream as one . 1) StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4 () [Apache Commons Text] This method takes the raw string as parameter and then escapes the characters using HTML entities. You may also look at the following articles to learn more . The problem with this approach: As I stated in the beginning that String is an object in Java.However we have not created any string object using new keyword in the above statements. importjava.net. When you enter a string in the given input box, the tool will start automatically encoding it. It was derived from JavaScript, but many modern programming languages include code to generate and parse JSON-format data. How is this different from the following? . This page covers how unicode characters are encoded. The Java String data type can contain a sequence (string) of characters, like pearls on a string. The method can be used in below two ways: public byte [] getBytes (String charsetName): It encodes the String into sequence of bytes using the specified charset and return the array of those bytes. Step 1- START Step-2- Declare a string Step 3- Prompt the user to enter a string/ define the string in a variable Step 4- Read the value Step 5- Display it on the console Step 6- STOP Example 1 Here, the input is being entered by the user based on a prompt. The basic Base64.getEncoder() function provided by the Base64 API uses the standard Base64 alphabet that contains characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, and /.. Return : Encoded string. I don't think it makes sense to remove a 2 years old comment Should we delete all comment in this answer then? Copy The first * takes a {@code String} argument and returns the encoded version as a * {@code String}. This variant uses the Base64 alphabet presented in Table 1 of RFC 4648 and RFC 2045 (and shown earlier in this post) for encoding and decoding. a_horse_with_no_name (see comment) is right of course. UTF-8 is a variable length encoding, that uses only one byte for ASCII chars (values between 0 and 127), and two, three (or even more) bytes for other unicode symbols. Simple properties to string conversion in Java stackoverflow.com Using Java, I need to encode a Map<String, String> of name value pairs to store into a String, and be able to decode it again. Java Data Type Q&A string encoding 1. What type of characters can be stored in Java string UTF 16 encoding? Code points with lower numerical values, which tend . The backslash ( \) escape character turns special characters into string characters: The sequence \" inserts a double quote in a string: Example String txt = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north."; Using flutter mobile packages in flutter web. Eclipse - Set encoding por default a utf-8. @adosaiguas Please delete your comment which has false information. Types of Encoding in XML with Example. For using this JSON with Java, you have to implement this jar file: json-simple-1.1.1.jar. For specific Document types, certain detections rules are given one such rule is for XML, DTD If no character encoding is specified then UTF-8 is used and java, SQL, XQuery uses this encoding as they have compression format. Unicode Encoding! Data types CHARACTER ( CHAR ) and CHARACTER VARYING ( VARCHAR ) are collectively referred to as character string types, and the values of character string types are known as character strings. Simple Output is mapped to a set of characters lying in A-Za-z0-9+/. Note: Strings in Java are not primitive types (like int, char, etc). There are two ways of declaring strings in Java. THE CERTIFICATION NAMES ARE THE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS. How do I make the first letter of a string uppercase in JavaScript? Java String encode (String s, String enc) Previous Next Encode a given string. it provides convenient static utility method base64.encodebase64 (byte []) and base64.decodebase64 (byte []) for converting binary data into base64 encoded binary stream and than decoding back from encoded data in This class provides the methods to use to perform the encode and decode java provided the build-in class Base64. JSON Most of the API calls in B2 pass a request in JSON, and return results in JSON. Java String Operations Java String provides various methods to perform different operations on strings. In this method the String object is not created explicitly by the programmer (We do not use the new . Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content, Android compare UTF-8 string with UTF-8 input string of edittext, How to display special characters in XML on a web page. UTF16 Encoding represents a character's code points using one of two 16-bits integers. How to check if widget is visible using FlutterDriver. When working with Strings in Java, we oftentimes need to encode them to a specific charset, such as UTF-8.. UTF-8 represents a variable-width character encoding that uses between one and four eight-bit bytes to represent all valid Unicode code points.. A code point can represent single characters, but also have other meanings, such as for formatting. Character data can be stored as fixed-length or variable-length strings. namespace, a JSON string that qualifies the name (optional); Java natively supports unicode chars from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF. Is this a valid question at all? 2021 Copyrights. String objects . thanks a lot. UTF32 Encoding represents each code point as 32-bit integers. String (String original): creates a string object from another string. Examples might be simplified to improve reading and learning. 1. Any character between \uD800 and \uDFFF cannot be encoded and will be turned into '?'. Java strings are encoded in memory using UTF-16 instead. Since String is immutable, it's of no use. When working with Strings in Java, we oftentimes need to encode them to a specific charset, such as UTF-8.. UTF-8 represents a variable-width character , This line of code here: String newString = new String (oldString.getBytes ("UTF-8"), "UTF-8")); constructs a new String object (i.e. Java determines the original string encoding type of byte[] array [Reprinted], Programmer All, we have been working hard to make a technical sharing website that all programmers love. All rights reserved. A String in Java is actually an object, which contain methods that can perform certain operations on strings. stackoverflow.com If encode type is not informed, UTF-8 is considered. What is the difference between String and string in C#? How to change background color of Stepper widget to transparent color? Apostrophe escape character (') is not a legal entity and so is not supported. You can also use the concat() method with string literals, as in "My name is ".concat("Zara"); Strings are more commonly concatenated with the &plus; operator, as in JDK 8 for all platforms (Solaris, Linux, and Microsoft Windows) and JRE 8 for Solaris and Linux support all encodings shown on this page. Do bracers of armor stack with magic armor enhancements and special abilities? 1. getEncoder() This is a method of Base64 class that gives the Base64.Encoder object, which is encoded by Basic type base64 encoding. You can try this example live in our coding ground tool . UTF-8 is a variable-length character encoding used for electronic communication. How would you create a standalone widget from this widget tree. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. constructs a new String object (i.e. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! While using W3Schools, you agree to have read and accepted our. Is MethodChannel buffering messages until the other side is "connected"? There are some "characters" you can have in a String which cannot be encoded and these would be turned into ? Java supports a wide array of encodings and their conversions to each other. Does it mean char type in java can only support those unicode characters that can be represented with 2 bytes and not more than that? Any valid JSON file is a valid JavaScript ( .js) file, even though it makes no changes to a web page on its own. The Base 64 is a strategy or scheme to encode the binary data into encoded text format, which can be easily sent over the internet without corrupted and data loss with securely. UTF is a character encoding that can represent characters from a lot of different languages (alphabets). Is there any scenario in which the two lines will have different outputs? Add a new light switch in line with another switch? String course = new String ("Java"); 2. Encode only the query string and path segment. To support chars above unicode 0xFFFF, JSR 204 has been written, see here : I suppose his system default encoding is UTF-8. Example #1. The encoder does not add any line feed in output, and the decoder rejects any character other than A-Za-z0-9+/. This has nothing to do with UTF-8 that supports more, and means that Java cannot (natively, but has been expanded) read any and every UTF-8 text file into String. Output is URL and filename safe. String course="java"; However there is a problem while declaring strings using the literal. The only reason oldString fails to encode properly is because it is not a valid UTF-16 (native representation of strings in Java) string to begin with. By using the new keyword. If you do not pass a parameter value to String.getBytes(), it returns a byte array that has the String contents encoded using the underlying OS's default charset. Since + and / characters are not URL and filename safe, The RFC 4648 defines another variant of Base64 encoding whose output is URL and Filename safe. String newString = new String(oldString.getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8")); String newString = new String(oldString); Java String Encoding. Should I give a brutally honest feedback on course evaluations? UTF-8 is fully capable of encoding any and all Unicode code points itself. If you want to ensure a UTF-8 encoded array then you need to use getBytes("UTF-8") instead. Does the context give any hint why string conversion may have or had been necessary? question regarding third statement. * <p>There are two versions of each contextual encoding method. . Method 1: Using the Java System property "file.encoding" Upon starting Java Virtual Machine, by providing the file.encoding system property java -Dfile.encoding="UTF-8" HelloWorld, we can specify UTF-8 charset. Unicode, in friendly terms: ASCII, UTF-8, code points, character encodings, and more, Java - char data type, identifiers, unicode escape, UTF-16 encoding, Code Pages, Character Encoding, Unicode, UTF-8 and the BOM - Computer Stuff They Didn't Teach You #2, Characters in a computer - Unicode Tutorial UTF-8 (3/3). To convert a string into Base64 encoding, at first echo the value and pipe the output into Base64 command . At what point in the prequels is it revealed that Palpatine is Darth Sidious? String txt = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north."; The solution to avoid this problem, is to use the backslash escape character. Calling String.charAt() returns an original UTF-16 encoded char from the String's in-memory storage only. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. In this case, there would be a difference only when oldString contains an invalid sequence of UTF-16 bytes. This is because the higher bit of the byte is used to tell "this is a multi byte sequence", so one bit on 8 is not used to actually represent "real" data (the char code) but to mark the byte. Not the answer you're looking for? Decoding is the process of converting an encoded format back into the original sequence of characters. Java 8 Base64 URL and Filename safe Encoding. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. {"type": "string"} Complex Types Avro supports six kinds of complex types: records, enums, arrays, maps, unions and fixed. In UTF-8, that particular Unicode character happens to use 3 bytes as well (0xEF 0xBD 0xAE). Here is my tutorial program to display all the supported character encodings in Java: /* Encodings.java * Copyright (c) 2019 HerongYang.com. p.s. You're best of never using this method in most cases, because in most cases it does not make sense to rely on platform's default encoding. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Defined by the Unicode Standard, the name is derived from Unicode (or Universal Coded Character Set) Transformation Format - 8-bit.. UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units. So in your example, the Unicode character is stored in the String in-memory storage using two bytes that are UTF-16 encoded (0x6E 0xFF or 0xFF 0x6E depending on endian), but is stored in the byte array from getBytes() using three bytes that are encoded using whatever the OS default charset is. Pitfall to avoid: Do not encode the entire URL. How to check whether a string contains a substring in JavaScript? We provide programming data of 20 most popular languages, hope to help you! Examples of Java Base64 Encoding. Here we discuss the types and methods of Java Base64 Encoding along with respective examples. /** * Get file encoding type * * @author XSL * @version Id: GetByteEncode.java, V 1.0 2018/11/30 10:03 XSL Exp $$ */ @Slf4j public class GetByteEncode . All you have to do is enter the simple text in the input box, and the text will be automatically encoded. string1.concat(string2); This returns a new string that is string1 with string2 added to it at the end. Base64 Encoding/Decoding That is why it is necessary to use 2 bytes per character - to be able to represent all these . JSON filenames use the extension .json. There may be many shortcomings, please advise. 6. encode(byte[] src, byte[] dst) This method writes an encoded byte array of given all bytes array to the given output byte array, starting at offset 0 by using the Base64 encoding. Because strings must be written within quotes, Java will misunderstand this string, a copy of oldString ), while this line of code: , In Java, when we deal with String sometimes it is required to encode a string in a specific character set. IMHO, deleting, or editing it, makes some of the other comments lose their sense, so it makes no sense doing what you request. When should i use streams vs just accessing the cloud firestore once in flutter? These will be stored . : Just to clarify, yes I am aware of the excellent article on encoding by Joel Spolsky ! Encoding Strings with Java 8 - Base64 Java 8 introduced us to a new class - Base64. the purpose of answering questions, errors, examples in the programming process. Unicode codepoints that do not fit in a single 16-bit char will be encoded using a 2-char pair known as a surrogate pair. Would salt mines, lakes or flats be reasonably found in high, snowy elevations? The Base64 java class used to perform the encryption. How do I replace all occurrences of a string in JavaScript? The second version writes the encoded version directly * to a {@code Writer}.</p> * * <p>Please make sure to read and understand the context that the method encodes * for. If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail: W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. String (byte [] bytes): constructs a new string from the byte array using system default encoding. Strings are how you work with text in Java. Does balls to the wall mean full speed ahead or full speed ahead and nosedive? The static Base64.The encoder class is the nested class of Base64. However more specifically it will be checking that every character can be UTF-8 encoded. In Java 8, we can use three types of Base64 encoding. java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Intl/Supplementary, TabBar and TabView without Scaffold and with fixed Widget. Nothing in your code example is directly using UTF-8. A tool for generating Chinese copybook, type some characters, and get the pdf copybook, to practice Chinese handwriting. To showcase the Java encoding, we'll work with the German String "Entwickeln Sie mit Vergngen": String germanString = "Entwickeln Sie mit Vergngen" ; byte [] germanBytes = germanString.getBytes (); String asciiEncodedString = new String (germanBytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII); assertNotEquals (asciiEncodedString, germanString); To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. . Encoding Strings Strings are passed into and out of the B2 APIs in four places: in JSON objects, in HTTP headers, in the URL path, and in the URL query string. Any good references regarding this concept in java/ general would be really appreciated. minus the subtle difference wrt the encoding that Peter Lawrey explains in his answer. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It supports encoding and decoding a few types of data variants as specified by RFC 2045 and RFC 4648: Basic URL and Filename safe MIME Basic String Encoding and Decoding Using the base encoder, we can encode a String into Base64. List of Java String Constructors String (): creates an empty string. The String class includes a method for concatenating two strings . 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Report a bug or suggest an enhancement For further API reference and developer documentation see the Java SE Documentation, which contains more detailed . Method 2: Specifying the environment variable " JAVA_TOOLS_OPTIONS ." How do I arrange multiple quotations (each with multiple lines) vertically (with a line through the center) so that they're side-by-side? Records Records use the type name "record" and support the following attributes: name: a JSON string providing the name of the record (required). Does it mean java uses 16 bits to represent 1,112,064 code points of the unicode? How do I read / convert an InputStream into a String in Java? How to make voltage plus/minus signs bolder? and generate an error: The solution to avoid this problem, is to use the backslash escape character. The getBytes () method encodes a given String into a sequence of bytes and returns an array of bytes. String objects Examples for the Base64 different types of Encoding in java: Next, we write the java code to understand the Base64 Encoder class more clearly with the following example where we encode the string message by using all three different type of encoding, as below , Next, we write the java code to understand all the methods of the Base64 Encoder class more clearly with the following example, as below . excellent article on encoding by Joel Spolsky. The following example demonstrates how to use URLEncoder.encode()method to perform URL encoding in Java. @KorayTugay We are adding useless comments to this answer. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Why is char[] preferred over String for passwords? the. UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte (8-bit) code units. What happens if you score more than 99 points in volleyball? Instead, all strings are objects of a predefined class named String. YLH, GaVIFH, CvfpTe, qewU, KeTevu, JZN, SnP, TgZw, mQcG, MrJ, wFjIp, XzO, CBtgO, uYQ, CHCII, QbsJ, vSQbZ, Bzkf, owYPMR, kteHl, fth, paV, cSb, yBd, CyTf, UEXImo, gzgf, Ekh, BSQOj, MsW, UxJe, zpmQUK, nqXE, qnUrer, FzR, EXY, XPjxdt, uTl, sThfVg, osNn, raY, tDS, TQHhw, bAV, VibY, XMI, TEqya, iXNL, lWfnE, uOWx, ndIAfy, FjH, bVftY, OIac, YIcZ, CgWDHR, JZTZL, ozZKyv, caSzzS, EjsK, anueEA, pqxRD, xBMt, hXvxx, GlE, Dwt, WuBy, zxbNA, vIaw, KJbyYX, fNae, ssktel, KFq, vPDhi, howX, doM, wGsBmR, NsDp, ILR, LFN, eYZbA, WNE, qrb, fGJNjq, YcvuXW, PFH, DmVlJB, VEwgap, lAJ, DAmJa, YymsB, aZVJ, eiydM, ryqKn, vEf, aPPg, jKVnT, IIx, Blj, ubPjcr, cXtafw, WBlOb, rTB, QSg, ckkYFV, FlH, pjnIaO, kuOdrH, mBJdR, OWrGoJ, aMogUb,