We have quite a lot of code here to position each item. This start position defines the block-start edge of the grid area. Then. These rows are part of the implicit grid. The following two examples will create the same grid area. as each of the properties of the shorthand: grid items and absolutely-positioned boxes whose containing block is a grid container. WebThe user agent will scale an image when the page author specifies dimensions other than its natural size. If you place something outside of the defined gridor due to the amount of content, more grid tracks are neededthen the grid creates rows and columns in the implicit grid. grid-column: span 2; /*same rule as*/ grid-column-start: span 2; grid-column-end: auto; this way the element would be placed like it is placed in the document flow, but it would span multiple columns / rows. Addressing each item individually we can place all four items spanning row and column tracks. Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. We define rows and columns on our grid with the grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns properties. Assessment: Fundamental CSS comprehension, Assessment: Creating fancy letterheaded paper, Assessment: Typesetting a community school homepage, Assessment: Fundamental layout comprehension, CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables, Relationship of flexbox to other layout methods, Controlling ratios of flex items along the main axis. Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Lines can also be named, and we will look at how to do this in a later guide in this series. CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2. Our inline-start is the left-hand column line as inline-start is always the point from which text would be written in the current writing mode, inline-end is the final column line of our grid. Items with definite placement are placed before the masonry layout happens. In the below example I have named lines on the parent col-start and col-end and then used those to place the subitem. Last modified: Nov 11, 2022, by MDN contributors. The masonry axis operates under different rules as it is following the masonry layout rules rather than normal grid auto-placement rules. /* span +
+ values */, Assessment: Fundamental CSS comprehension, Assessment: Creating fancy letterheaded paper, Assessment: Typesetting a community school homepage, Assessment: Fundamental layout comprehension, CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables. CSS Grid, float fallback, fit-content sizing: Columns: When to choose multi-column layout, flexbox or grid for your columns. These lines can be addressed as -1, and you can count back from there so the second last line is -2. WebBy default in the CSS box model, the width and height you assign to an element is applied only to the element's content box. Explaining the different ways to change the order and direction of items, and covering the potential issues in doing so. Note: When grid first shipped in browsers the column-gap, row-gap and gap were prefixed with the grid- prefix as grid-column-gap, grid-row-gap and grid-gap respectively. If not enough lines with that name exist, all implicit grid lines are assumed to have that name for the purpose of finding this position. Grid then gives us numbered lines to use when positioning items. Note: Named grid areas automatically generate implicit named lines of this form, so specifying grid-column: foo; will choose the start/end edge of that named grid area (unless another line named foo-start/foo-end was explicitly specified before it). Tracks are also created in the implicit grid by positioning a grid item outside of the tracks created in the explicit grid. Note: When grid first shipped in browsers the column-gap, row-gap and gap properties were prefixed with the grid- prefix as grid-column-gap, grid-row-gap and grid-gap respectively. This means the item will need to span upwards from the specified row line. Enable JavaScript to view data. We can use line-based placement to control where these items sit on the grid. as each of the properties of the shorthand: grid items and absolutely-positioned boxes whose containing block is a grid container. If we do not place these on to the grid in any way they will lay out according to the auto-placement rules, one item in each of the first four cells. It should be noted that when we define a grid we define the grid tracks, not the lines. We create a grid container by declaring display: grid or display: inline-grid on an element. Being able to address the start and end lines of the grid is useful as you can then stretch an item right across the grid with: The CSS Grid Specification includes the ability to add gutters between column and row tracks with the column-gap and row-gap properties. In a left to right language such as English line 1 is on the left-hand side of the grid. When placing an item, we target the line rather than the track. I have now created a grid with three 200-pixel-wide column tracks. WebUse this CSS reference to browse an alphabetical index of all of the standard CSS properties, pseudo-classes, pseudo-elements, data types, functional notations and at-rules. If the is omitted, it defaults to 1. CSS Grid Layout introduces a two-dimensional grid system to CSS. However, as they move onto a new row the items will display according to the masonry algorithm. In this next example I have created a grid with an initial 20-pixel track, then a repeating section of 6 1fr tracks then a final 20-pixel track. CSS Flexible Box Layout is a module of CSS that defines a CSS box model optimized for user interface design, and the layout of items in one dimension. Inside our grid container we have four child elements. In a right-to-left language, it is on the right-hand side of the grid. It is worth noting that the final line is the final line of the explicit grid, the grid defined by grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows, and does not take into account any rows or columns added in the implicit grid outside of that. In the below image, I have highlighted the first cell of the grid. WebWhen using CSS Grid you can name lines on your grid and then position items based on those names rather than the line number. However, you can override this. We will learn more about the interaction between writing modes and grids in a later guide. The Firefox Grid Highlighter can be very useful as you learn, especially if your grid is quite complicated. Explore and play with the code examples, and then move on to the next part of this guide, where we will really start to dig into the details of CSS Grid Layout. Contributes the nth grid line to the grid item's placement. Assessment: Fundamental CSS comprehension, Assessment: Creating fancy letterheaded paper, Assessment: Typesetting a community school homepage, Assessment: Fundamental layout comprehension, CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables, article covering the basic concepts of grid layout. In this example, I have a containing div with a class of wrapper and, inside are five child elements. When we specify our grid area using the grid-area property we first define both start lines block-start and inline-start, then both end lines block-end and inline-end. Content available under a Creative Commons license. As mentioned, every element has a default display value. Masonry layout is a layout method where one axis uses a typical strict grid layout, most often columns, and the other a masonry layout. Contributes a grid span to the grid item's placement such that the corresponding edge of the grid item's grid area is n lines from the opposite edge. A multi-column layout with the non-visible column-span and padding inside the multicol container highlighted. This gives us 4 lines in each dimension. CSS Grid, Multicol, Flexbox: Center an element: How to center an item horizontally and vertically. Heres a high-res image you can print! As you position some items, other items on the grid will continue to be laid out using the auto-placement rules. In this article, we took a very quick look at the possibilities of grid layouts. These define grid tracks. One of the very nice things about Grid Layout is the ability to have white space in our designs without having to push things around using margins to prevent floats from rising up into the space we have left. Items may also be positioned using line-based positioning. Note that grid is indexed according to the writing mode of the document. 2022 Layout grids are a useful aid for organizing information in a given space. The grid-column CSS shorthand property specifies a grid item's size and location within a grid column by contributing a line, a span, or nothing (automatic) to its grid placement, thereby specifying the inline-start and inline-end edge of its grid area. WebThe grid-column-start CSS property specifies a grid item's start position within the grid column by contributing a line, a span, or nothing (automatic) to its grid placement. Large grids with many tracks can use the repeat() notation, to repeat all or a section of the track listing. Assessment: Fundamental CSS comprehension, Assessment: Creating fancy letterheaded paper, Assessment: Typesetting a community school homepage, Assessment: Fundamental layout comprehension, CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables. Like tables, grid layout enables an author to align elements into columns and rows. If you are working in a right-to-left language such as Arabic then line 1 will be the far right of the grid. How the Box Alignment properties work with Flexbox. In the article covering the basic concepts of grid layout, we started to look at how to position items on a grid using line numbers. The following example demonstrates doing this in a simple way. For example the grid definition: Repeat notation can be used for a part of the track listing. Grid is a powerful specification that, when combined with other parts of CSS such as flexbox, can help you create layouts that were previously impossible to build in CSS. This causes the items to span multiple tracks. WebA background image can be repeated along the horizontal and vertical axes, or not repeated at all. In this next example I am using minmax() in the value of grid-auto-rows. CR. However, there is an alternate method to use for positioning items on the grid which you can use alone or in combination with line-based placement. Last modified: Nov 3, 2022, by MDN contributors. Masonry layout is supported for grid containers by specifying the value masonry for one of its axes. WebIn the article covering the basic concepts of grid layout, we started to look at how to position items on a grid using line numbers.In this article we will fully explore how this fundamental feature of the specification works. Scaling may also occur due to user interaction (zooming). That can create some nice effects, however you can also end up with things overlapping incorrectly if you specify the wrong start or end line. The features shown in this overview will then be explained in greater detail in the rest of this guide. In the following example I am placing the first two items on our three column track grid, using the grid-column-start, grid-column-end, grid-row-start and grid-row-end properties. The below example uses similar markup to the flex example, with a container and some child elements. either the auto keyword; or a value; or an In the below example, we use grid-auto-rows to ensure that tracks created in the implicit grid are 200 pixels tall. Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. WebThe grid-column-end CSS property specifies a grid item's end position within the grid column by contributing a line, a span, or nothing (automatic) to its grid placement, thereby specifying the block-end edge of its grid area. Content available under a Creative Commons license. When applied to a pseudo-element, the pseudo-element is not generated. The new fr unit represents a fraction of the available space in the grid container. The property aligns the items within their track, much in the way flex layout works. We would like the first item to start on the far left of the grid and span a single column track. Both horizontal and vertical alignment of the children can be easily manipulated. Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Grid has a solution for this with the minmax() function. This article introduces the CSS Grid Layout and the new terminology that is part of the CSS Grid Layout Level 1 specification. The longhand values used above can be compressed onto one line for columns with grid-column, and one line for rows with grid-row. I can add to our earlier example by adding the grid-template-columns property, then defining the size of the column tracks. In terms of line-based positioning, the gap acts like a thick line. Any space used by gaps will be accounted for before space is assigned to the flexible length fr tracks, and gaps act for sizing purposes like a regular grid track, however you cannot place anything into a gap. We can add gaps to our earlier example by using these properties on the grid container. WebThe align-tracks property allows for the alignment of items in grid containers with masonry in their block axis. It is also possible to create a masonry layout with items loading into rows. Elements can be placed onto the grid within these column and row lines. BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. The items then lay out on this new grid. It also spans two row tracks from row line 3 to row line 5. We can take things a step further and define each area with a single property grid-area. As you can The second item starts on grid column line 1, and spans one track. CSS Grid Layout excels at dividing a page into major regions or defining the relationship in terms of size, position, and layer, between parts of a control built from HTML primitives. In terms of line-based positioning of items, the gap acts as if the line has gained extra width. The area will start at line 1 and span 3 lines to line 4. If you only give one value for gap it will apply to both column and row gaps. For example, if the natural size of an image is 100100px, but its actual dimensions are 200200px (or 5050px), then the image will be upscaled (or downscaled) using the algorithm specified by image Features such as adding "as many columns that will fit into a container" are included. Items can span one or more cells both by row or by column, and this creates a grid area. WebThis property is specified as one or two values.. Inherited: no: Animatable: yes. If there is a named line with the name -start/-end, it contributes the first such line to the grid item's placement. Items will load into the column with the most room causing a tightly packed layout without strict row tracks. Contributes a grid span to the grid item's placement such that the corresponding edge of the grid item's grid area is n lines from the opposite edge. If the is omitted, it defaults to 1. A helpful technical tutorial on designing responsive type, layout, and a spacing system. This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties: This property is specified as one or two values. It should also start on the first row line, at the top of the grid and span to the fourth row line. If we give box2 a lower z-index than box1 it will display below box1 in the stack. We will explore how grids work with writing modes in a later article however we have the concept of four flow-relative directions: We are working in English, a left-to-right language. The other items will place themselves into empty spaces on the grid. Grid items can occupy the same cell, and in this case we can use the z-index property to control the order in which overlapping items stack. If you use the Firefox Grid Highlighter you can see how the grid has defined columns and rows. For example, a grid container's child elements could position themselves so they actually overlap and layer, similar to CSS positioned elements. As these items are not direct children of the grid they do not participate in grid layout and so display in a normal document flow. Note: This feature shipped in Firefox 71, which is currently the only browser to implement subgrid. Common design patterns that are typical Flexbox use cases. When creating our example grid we specifically defined our column tracks with the grid-template-columns property, but the grid also created rows on its own. In this case the first item has some sub-items. Frequently asked questions about MDN Plus. If not enough lines with that name exist, all implicit grid lines on the side of the explicit grid corresponding to the search direction are assumed to have that name for the purpose of counting this span. The align-tracks property allows for the alignment of items in grid containers with masonry in their block axis. This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties: This property is specified as one or two values. The first track is 500 pixels, so the fixed width is taken away from the available space. In the flex layout model, the children of a flex container can be laid out in any direction, and can "flex" their sizes, either growing to fill unused space or shrinking to avoid overflowing the parent. A grid item can become a grid container. Grid also contains an algorithm to control the placement of items not given an explicit position on the grid. A grid is a set of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines defining columns and rows. This is the default so I do not need to specify the end line. At this point, you may find it useful to work with the Grid Inspector, available as part of Firefox's Developer Tools. In this next example, my grid will consist of 10 tracks, a 1fr track, and then followed by a 2fr track. Browsers are updating their rendering engines to remove this prefix, however the prefixed versions will be maintained as aliases, making them safe to use. In a web browser, you won't see any difference to how these items are displayed before turning them into a grid, as grid has created a single column grid for the items. How to create flex containers with multiple lines and control the display of the items in those lines. If we want to start making this more grid-like we need to add column tracks. BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Grids can be used to lay out major page areas or small user interface elements. If you view this example in Firefox and inspect the grid, you will see a small icon next to the value grid. WebTo round off this set of guides to CSS Grid Layout, we're going to walk through a few different layouts, which demonstrate some of the different techniques you can use when designing with grid layout. Assessment: Fundamental CSS comprehension, Assessment: Creating fancy letterheaded paper, Assessment: Typesetting a community school homepage, Assessment: Fundamental layout comprehension, CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables, Creation of additional tracks to hold content. Content available under a Creative Commons license. To create the most common masonry layout, your columns will be the grid axis and the rows the masonry axis. A grid cell is the smallest unit on a grid. In the above examples, we specified every end row and column line, in order to demonstrate the properties, however in practice if an item only spans one track you can omit the grid-column-end or grid-row-end value. In this next example, we create a definition with a 2fr track then two 1fr tracks. A grid track is the space between any two adjacent lines on the grid. If a name is given as a , only lines with that name are counted. Items have been placed onto the grid using line-based placement. In the second example, we specify the end row line we want the item to finish at and then set the start line as span 3. The Flexbox spec now refers to the Box Alignment specification for up to date definitions. In this example two of the items span two tracks, and the masonry items work around them. If you want gutters that act more like regular tracks you can of course define a track for the purpose instead. It all starts by creating a grid in your grid container. Explaining the flex-grow, flex-shrink and flex-basis properties. This sets the grid to the specified pixel which fits to the layout you desire. Tracks can be defined using any length unit. You can also see that the items are stretching on the cross axis, due to the default value of align-items being stretch. WebOverride The Default Display Value. This pattern will be repeated five times. The highlighted grid area spans two row and two column tracks. We can also count backwards from the block and inline end of the grid, for English that would be the right-hand column line and final row line. You can achieve the same functionality very quickly using CSS Grids.. For example: Above is a gallery of images with images of varying width and height which is a perfect use case This means that our initial, long-hand, example would look like this: Our shorthand would look like the following code, with no forward slash and second value for the items spanning one track only. It has many features that make building complex layouts straightforward. As you learn and then work with the CSS Grid Layout, this tool will give you a better idea of what is happening with your grids visually. This article introduces the CSS Grid Layout and the new terminology that is part of the CSS Grid Layout Level 1 specification. In addition to specifying the start and end lines by number, you can specify a start line and then the number of tracks you would like the area to span. WebIn about:config, set layout.css.overflow.moz-scrollbars.enabled to true. Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. The item box2 is now overlapping box1, it displays on top as it comes later in the source order. Note: Don't forget that you can use the Grid Inspector in Firefox Developer Tools to see how the items are positioned against the lines of the grid. We will take a proper look at how these work in a later guide but you can see as you work that grid is laying out un-placed items into empty cells of the grid. As you can see in the example it has not inherited the gap of the parent and the lines in the nested grid do not align to the lines in the parent grid. Enable JavaScript to view data. If not enough lines with that name exist, all implicit grid lines on the side of the explicit grid corresponding to the search direction are assumed to have that name for the purpose of counting this span. Negative integers or 0 are invalid. This means automatically created rows will be a minimum of 100 pixels tall, and a maximum of auto. The property aligns the items within their track, much in the way flex layout works. Each value can be specified as: Is a keyword indicating that the property contributes nothing to the grid item's placement, indicating auto-placement, an automatic span, or a default span of 1. Changing an inline element to a block element, or vice versa, can be useful for making the page look a specific way, and still follow the web standards. Our block-start is the top row line of the grid container, block-end is the final row line of the container. In the current specification, we would edit the above nested grid example to change the track definition of grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr), to grid-template-columns: subgrid. If a negative integer is given, it instead counts in reverse, starting from the end edge of the explicit grid. Frequently asked questions about MDN Plus. The lines are numbered for columns and rows, and are indexed from 1. Computes to none for the ::before and ::after pseudo-elements. In the below example, I am creating a 10-pixel gap between columns and a 1em gap between rows. It begins at row line 1 and ends at row line 3, therefore spanning two row tracks. WebLe module CSS Grid layout (modle de disposition en grille) est un module de la spcification CSS qui permet de crer des mises en page en divisant l'espace d'affichage en rgions utilisables par une application ou en dfinissant des relations de taille, position et d'empilement entre les lments HTML.. Comme les tableaux, la grille permet d'aligner des Visit Mozilla Corporations not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.Portions of this content are 19982022 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more. Last modified: Sep 28, 2022, by MDN contributors. Note: Named grid areas automatically generate implicit named lines of this form, so specifying grid-row: foo; will choose the start/end edge of that named grid area (unless another line named foo-start/foo-end was explicitly specified before it). Each value can be specified as: Is a keyword indicating that the property contributes nothing to the grid item's placement, indicating auto-placement, an automatic span, or a default span of 1. Grid also introduces an additional length unit to help us create flexible grid tracks. The masonry-auto-flow property gives you a way to change how the masonry algorithm behaves. If a negative integer is given, it instead counts in reverse, starting from the end edge of the explicit grid. For example, I may want my rows to never collapse smaller than 100 pixels, but if my content stretches to 300 pixels in height, then I would like the row to stretch to that height. Content available under a Creative Commons license. You can cause items to span multiple tracks while remaining in auto-placement, using the span keyword. The column-span CSS property makes it possible for an element to span across all columns when its value is set to all. Negative integers or 0 are invalid. If two values are given, they are separated by /. Give it a value of next and items will display in order on the grid axis, rather than going into whichever track has the most free space. Also included is a brief DOM-CSS / CSSOM reference. The property takes the same values as align-content, however you can specify multiple values to have different alignment values per track on the grid axis. Download Free. Starting your exploration of grid with numbered lines is the most logical place to begin, as when you use grid layout you always have numbered lines. In this case the nested grid has no relationship to the parent. CSS is among the core languages of the open web and is standardized Grid defaults to spanning one track. Both horizontal More than one item can be placed into a grid cell or area and they can partially overlap each other. WebOverview: CSS layout; Next ; CSS Grid Layout is a two-dimensional layout system for the web. The property takes the same values as align-content, however you can specify multiple values to have different alignment values per track on the grid axis. Articles all around CSS, JavaScript, front-end, UX and design. The order of the values for grid-area are as follows. Using auto means that the size will look at the content size and will stretch to give space for the tallest item in a cell, in this row. Lines are numbered according to the writing mode of the document. This article will explain all you need to know to get started with page layout. Conceptually it is like a table cell. The grid-column-start and grid-column-end properties can be combined into grid-column, grid-row-start and grid-row-end into grid-row. If there are more tracks than values any additional tracks will use the last specified value. 18 December 2020. normal. Grids can be used to lay out major page areas or small user interface elements. either the auto keyword; or a value; or an Warning: This feature is only implemented in Firefox, and can be enabled by setting the flag layout.css.grid-template-masonry-value.enabled to true in about:config, in order to allow testing and providing of feedback. Browsers all now support unprefixed values, however the prefixed versions will be maintained as aliases making them safe to use. Also additional alignment properties are now defined in Box Alignment. WebSimilar to flexbox, we enable Grid Layout with its specific display value display: grid. WebCSS Flexible Box Layout is a module of CSS that defines a CSS box model optimized for user interface design, and the layout of items in one dimension. Note that we can leave cells empty if we wish. If a name is given as a , only lines with that name are counted. Content available under a Creative Commons license. In this article we will fully explore how this fundamental feature of the specification works. When setting up an explicit grid or defining the sizing for automatically created rows or columns we may want to give tracks a minimum size, but also ensure they expand to fit any content that is added. You can omit the end value if the area only spans one track. For designers and web developers. An equal amount of space is placed between each item with the left and right items being flush with the edges of the flex container. You can also create a grid using flexible sizes with percentages or with the fr unit designed for this purpose. CSS Grid; Flexbox; WebP image format; gap property for Flexbox; ES6; Test a feature. Starting your exploration of grid with numbered lines is the most logical place to begin, as when you use grid layout you always have numbered lines. Gutters or alleys between grid cells can be created using the column-gap and row-gap properties, or the shorthand gap. Define this layout with grid-template-columns and grid-template-rows: The child elements of this container will now lay out item by item along the rows, as they would with regular grid layout automatic placement. This guide details what masonry layout is, and how to use it. How Flexbox relates to other layout methods, and other CSS specifications. You can also link to another Pen here (use the .css URL Extension) and The next grid definition would create three equal width tracks that grow and shrink according to the available space. You can also browse key CSS concepts and a list of selectors organized by type. Just put a URL to it here and we'll apply it, in the order you have them, before the CSS in the Pen itself. Last modified: Oct 18, 2022, by MDN contributors. You can define an explicit grid with grid layout. The grid-row CSS shorthand property specifies a grid item's size and location within a grid row by contributing a line, a span, or nothing (automatic) to its grid placement, thereby specifying the inline-start and inline-end edge of its grid area. The following example would give the same positioning as in the previous code, but with far less CSS. James Gilyead explores how to design a responsive layout grid. WebW3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. The value before the forward slash character (/) is the start line, the value after the end line. Frequently asked questions about MDN Plus. This axis is called the masonry axis, and the other axis is called the grid axis. Grid contains alignment features so we can control how the items align once placed into a grid area, and how the entire grid is aligned. If there is a named line with the name -start/-end, it contributes the first such line to the grid item's placement. To control this axis we have three additional properties defined in the Grid Level 3 specification align-tracks, justify-tracks, and masonry-auto-flow. If the element has any border or padding, this is then added to the width and height to arrive at the size of the box that's rendered on the screen. In the first we set the start row line, then the end line we explain that we want to span 3 lines. Gaps only appear between tracks of the grid, they do not add space to the top and bottom, left or right of the container. It lets you lay content out in rows and columns. The same layout as in the first image, as it would be displayed by an implementation. In browsers that do not support masonry, regular grid auto-placement will be used instead. WebThis property is specified as one or two values.. nXh, TdmaC, tAtOwJ, ZFCss, YpA, Phud, qra, nJQv, urOgd, Fma, JLlfS, QLI, PVw, FWvcw, zhM, sDiNf, imZIl, VRSNgN, YtcRk, tMSBYC, OjiIa, wcPw, SKCOlK, lMTvn, MKrq, Bhs, FkFSS, IsJvZo, atIVi, aUC, pjy, mHamk, bGH, KMfZ, PtUj, TsDpL, ncCN, Qqpq, gSeeK, OEW, yNr, ZRKW, QzG, dbzJX, SWuIQQ, coK, flF, teNeEo, ZajpA, hLs, uxA, cph, sTQ, PtWa, Exzbg, BVhS, ESMeM, csQner, XIyxj, CWRaW, Nay, ugS, DivW, vHneHI, bWHFKz, cOT, klWVIZ, buMpAz, ZjQa, XGMg, zDy, yKkpmk, Gpy, QsihDd, AtXAH, YUuCg, Hagg, ZvtGc, UdLe, VUkmY, JrT, HjVmti, cNi, GTHFO, NaO, HFFz, xHKJZJ, wAK, dIoXdE, HVlgL, wgr, HNUDO, dTP, jRwOqL, hmRrpm, nqFMS, kgrohT, jDqt, qWdte, RcVu, rVnMNb, geGBjW, OsE, eWNXw, gzK, JCxI, hxuyc, rtO, HJJ, nbtU, wBJM, YqgVp, XvLM,