The most important factors or requirements in all injection routes are the surrounding tissue or site must be as clean as possible, and all instruments used must be clean and sterile. Most drugs have a high molecular weight and are poorly lipid-soluble, so are not absorbed via skin or mucous membranes. Oral agents must be able to withstand the acidic environment of the stomach and must permeate the gut lining before entering the bloodstream. 6. Pharmacokinetics: What Does the Body Do to Drugs? 2. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. The route of administration of a medication directly affects the drug bioavailability, which determines both the onset and the duration of the pharmacological effect. Chemical Reactions - Description, Concepts, Types, Examples and FAQs. It is used in the preparation of ointment; paste, creams, and other semi-solid preparations. In many cases, these excipients are used in combination. Processing Steps: 1. Philadephia: Lippincott Williams and Wlkins. They facilitate application of the directly to the effected body part and avoid exposure of other parts to the drug. WebGlycerin - Glycerol or more commonly called glycerin is, in simple terms, organic alcohol which is a mixture of sugar and alcohol and is fully miscible in water. Pharmaceutical emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and therefore must be formulated to stabilize the emulsion from separation of the two phases. It is used in the preparation of ointment; paste, creams, and other semi-solid preparations. Read more on Topical Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. Drug development process. 3. Compression This method has also some advantages and disadvantages too. Roller mills are used for crushing seeds prior to extraction. 7. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. 1. It is not applicableto disinfectants, drug products for veterinary use, drug products used in clinical trials, drug products regulated solely as natural health products subject to the provisions of the Natural Health Products Regulations, and radiopharmaceuticals and biological drug CBD comes in a variety of forms, such as oil, tincture, oil for vaping, sublingual spray, edibles, and topical creams, so you can choose the method that is most suitable for your use. In liquid pharmaceutical formulations, vehicles are major components used as a base in which drugs and other excipients are dissolved or dispersed. ADVANTAGES Handling of ointments is easier than bulky liquid dosage forms. Hair can become more visible during and after puberty and men tend to have thicker, more visible body hair than women. Methods of Size Reduction and Factors Affecting Size Reduction in Pharmaceutics. Youre welcome. The aggregates are milled or screened out for the production into granules. All Rights Reserved. WebWhole-body treatment HRT patches like tablets are for menopause symptoms that can occur anywhere in your body and vaginal creams, gels or pessaries are specifically for treating vaginal symptoms. This is by no means straightforward. WebThis guidance document is applicable to pharmaceutical drug products for human use. When the systemic absorption of a drug is desired, medications are usually administered by two main routes: the enteral route and the parenteral route. 1. Pharmaceutical emulsions may be used to deliver drugs that are poorly soluble in water but readily soluble in oils. These excipients in most cases are present in a greater proportion with regards to the drug substance as it forms the bulk of the formulation. WebA topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Selection of raw materials 2. Required fields are marked *. However, they also suffer from disadvantages like higher energy consumption and lower selectivities. If you have many products or ads, 39. It is a simple polyol compound with three hydroxyl group (-OH) attached. "Sinc Where possible and practicable, heat sterilization is the method of choice. 6.1. Read Also: Excipients Used In the Manufacture of Tablets. Oral Administration of Drugs: Advantages and Disadvantages, Buccal and Sublingual Routes of Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Rectal Route of Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Topical Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Pulmonary Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Parenteral Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. Advantages and Disadvantages of Tablet Dosage Form, General properties of Tablet dosage forms, Granulation technology on large scale by various technique, Types of Capsules Hard Gelatin Capsules and Soft Gelatin Capsules, Definition of the liquid orals dosage form, Definition of Quality Control and Definition of Quality Assurance, Concepts of Quality Assurance and Quality Control, Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), Introduction to Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Advantages and Disadvantages of Novel Drug Delivery System, Classification of Novel Drug Delivery System, What is Limit Test and Importance of Limit Test, Importance Question for Impurities in Pharmaceuticals, Some Basic Principles of the volumetric analysis, Conditions needed for volumetric analysis, Principle and Method of Gravetric Analysis, Some Example of Mathematical Calculations, Classification of Gastro Intestinal Agents, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Silver Nitrate, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Ionic Silver, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Hydrogen peroxide, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Boric acid, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Bleaching powder, Preparation, Storage, Medicinal Uses of Potassium permanganate, Miscellaneous Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Alphabetical Classification of Crude Drugs, Taxonomical Classification of Crude Drugs, Morphological Classification of Crude Drugs, Pharmacological Classification of Crude Drugs, Chemo-taxonomical Classification of Crude Drugs, Different methods to check the adulteration of crude drugs, Definition of various terminologies used in Human Anatomy and Physiology, structure of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton, function of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton, Characteristics of WBC, RBSc and Platelate, Pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation, Anatomy and functions of the accessory glands, Anatomy and physiology of sympathetic nervous system, Anatomy and physiology of parasympathetic nervous system, Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, Anatomy of the female reproductive system. Processing Steps: 1. Read more on Topical Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. They are chemically more stable than liquid dosage forms. All Rights Reserved. This is why different ways have been found to obtain Nylon 12 at a relatively affordable cost. WebBiopolymers are very widely used in the biomedical field. They are chemically more stable than liquid dosage forms. Transdermal route Works best on easy to grind materials like corn, cereal grains, etc. 6. 5. WebAn excellent review by Hilton (1969) discusses the role of the thickener in the printing of fabrics and the advantages/disadvantages of sodium alginate in different printing processes. Advantages of natural lip balm pharmaceutical industries as thickeners/emulsifiers. Quality control of pharmaceutical formulations is an essential operation in the production of drugs. Required fields are marked *. Avoids fluctuation in drug levels and risks. Also, this route can be used for systemic drug administration in addition to the local administration. WebGlycerin - Glycerol or more commonly called glycerin is, in simple terms, organic alcohol which is a mixture of sugar and alcohol and is fully miscible in water. 9. Patches can be applied after a few days but the other treatments are usually prescribed for daily use The disadvantages of patches are: Pharmaceutical emulsions may be employed to administer drugs to patients who have difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms. If the answer is yes then you are landed on the right page. 2. You are welcome. Mixing (Precompression or slugging) 5. Rectal absorption of most drugs is frequently erratic and unpredictable. Works best on easy to grind materials like corn, cereal grains, etc. WebAre you looking for DPharm 1st Year PDF Notes? Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol. Useful for local delivery of agents, particularly those which have toxic effects if administered systemically. 1. WebWhole-body treatment HRT patches like tablets are for menopause symptoms that can occur anywhere in your body and vaginal creams, gels or pessaries are specifically for treating vaginal symptoms. WebHair removal, also known as epilation or depilation, is the deliberate removal of body hair or head hair.. It includes aspects of microbial ecology in food as well as the use of microorganisms for production of ingredients and foods. 1. Read Also: Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Powders. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. Food microbiology studies the role of microorganisms in foods. Very detailed information thanks a lot for this useful material. Some suppositories leak or are expelled after insertion. It includes aspects of microbial ecology in food as well as the use of microorganisms for production of ingredients and foods. Examples of Surfactants Used in Liquid Dosage Forms, Preservatives are chemical compounds that are added to formulations to protect them from microbial contamination. "Sinc Read Also: Transdermal Route of Drug Administration. Other routes such as intra-arterial (IA), intrathecal (IT), intraperitoneal (IP), intravitreal etc., are used less frequently. You are welcome. Both males and females have 12. Where possible and practicable, heat sterilization is the method of choice. 5. The drug is rapidly absorbed through the mucosa into circulation, thereby bypassing the portal circulation and, thus, the first-pass metabolism in the liver. WebThis guidance document is applicable to pharmaceutical drug products for human use. 5. Principle, Construction, Working, Merits, Demerits and Uses of Fludized Bed Dryer. Certain drugs are taken orally for their local effects within the bowel e.g., antacids for heartburn and ezetimibe for the reduction of cholesterol absorption. Required fields are marked *. Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they ADVANTAGES Handling of ointments is easier than bulky liquid dosage forms. The droplet diameter of the dispersed phase extends from about 0.1 to 10 M, although particle diameters as small as 0.01 M and as large as 100 M are not uncommon. 8. Pharmacokinetics: What Does the Body Do to Drugs? Due to its properties, glycerin is used in a way or the other in nearly every industry. MOST OF THE DRUGS ARE UNEXPECTED PLEASANT SURPRISES 3. Allen, L. and Ansel, H (2014). Drugs for topical applications are usually available as creams, ointments, liniments, and drops. 21. It is a clear, colourless, mobile, and volatile liquid with a slight, characteristic odour and burning taste. 4. Oleic Acid: Fatty acid found in olive oil. Non-polar drugs can partition into these micelles and be solubilized. Water is the most widely used solvent in pharmaceutical formulations. Nasal Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Subcutaneous Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Intramuscular Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Intravenous Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, 16 Amazing Health Benefits of Scent Leaves, Surface Active Agents (Surfactants): Types and Applications, Theoretical Considerations for Pharmaceutical Suspensions. Uric Acid: its excess in the blood is known as hyperuricemia. Emulsions are frequently used in pharmaceutics. 2. Surfactants or surface-active agents are molecules with well-defined polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar (hydrophobic) regions that associate in aqueous media to form dynamic aggregates, known as micelles. Wateralcohol mixtures can be very effective in solubilizing poorly soluble drugs. Among these, the most commonly used ones are the anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Required fields are marked *. Hair can become more visible during and after puberty and men tend to have thicker, more visible body hair than women. Works best on easy to grind materials like corn, cereal grains, etc. WebAll classifieds - Veux-Veux-Pas, free classified ads Website. WebDescribed is a composition (i) comprising or (ii) essentially consisting of or (iii) consisting of (a) methyl lactate, (b) neomenthol, and (c) menthol, and optionally (d) neoisomenthol and/or (e) isomenthol, wherein said composition has a solidification point below +5C. It is used more often in modern formulations, possibly replacing glycerin as it dissolves a wide variety of materials, such as corticosteroids, phenols, sulpha drugs, barbiturates, vitamins (A and D), most alkaloids, and many local anaesthetics. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. It is a formulation that typically contains drug substance(s) and excipients in quantities and physical form designed to all the accurate and efficient administration of the drug substance to the human or animal patient. 39. Medications are sometimes ordered to be administered by rectal route. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. Preservatives often contain reactive functional groups, which are responsible for their antimicrobial activity but lead to unwanted reactions. Advantages of this include: An increased dose of medication is applied where it is needed; There are reduced side effects and toxicity to other organs compared to systemic medications. Retinoic Acid: it is an acid product of the metabolism of vitaamine. Sometimes, this systemic absorption is made use of, for its therapeutic value. 1. All Rights Reserved. WebHair removal, also known as epilation or depilation, is the deliberate removal of body hair or head hair.. Excipients used in the formulation of pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms include: In liquid pharmaceutical formulations, vehicles are major components used as a base in which drugs and other excipients are dissolved or dispersed. To provide drug products that are stable, effective, and safe for consumption under specified suitable storage conditions e.g., powders for reconstitution. Oxalic Acid: acid found in spinach leaves. 11. They facilitate application of the directly to the effected body part and avoid exposure of other parts to the drug. Viscosity modifiers/ Suspending agents. Everything You Need to Know About Hypertension (High Blood Pressure), 12 Factors to Consider When Choosing a Pharmaceutical Plant Location, Things To Look In A Personal Trainer Before Hitting The Gym, 5 Reasons a Doctor Should Have Malpractice Insurance. WebProp 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing Aguwa, C. and Akah, P. (2006). 6. Here in this post of MyPharmaGuide, we have shared the D.Pharm 1st Year PDF Notes.In this post, we have shared D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmaceutics I Notes, D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmaceutical Chemistry Notes, D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmacognosy Notes, D.Pharm 1st Ooowsh, i cant explain about how i understand that notes, but I thanks Pharmapproch.com for deep explanation and understandable notes and well summarized, i do my assignments here and i get 100%. Drug development process. Linoleic Acid: acid found in walnuts. Both males and females have WebBiopolymers are very widely used in the biomedical field. Size Reduction 4. Administration beneath the skin; hypodermic. To protect the drug substance from the destructive influence of atmospheric oxygen or humidity e.g., coated tablets. Retrieved November 21, 2020, from. Microbial contamination presents a significant health hazard in aqueous-based liquid dosage forms. Emulsion can be used to prolong the release of the drug (especially semisolid emulsions) thereby providing sustained release action. Study Notes available in this post are made according to the PCI syllabus so no matter you are a student of which university or state board all notes [], [] This post is a result of hardworking of our teams. To provide drug products that bypass the first-pass metabolism e.g., injections, topical dosage forms etc. Oxalic Acid: acid found in spinach leaves. WebA pharmaceutical dosage form is the entity that is administered to patient so that they receive an effective dose of a drug. The choice of vehicle used depends on the nature and physicochemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the intended use of the formulation. Sud Sushant and Kamath Archana (2013). PEG 400 is a liquid at room temperature, and it is the most common polyethylene glycol used in drug product formulations. Compression This method has also some advantages and disadvantages too. Unlike the oral route, drugs with irritant or unpalatable nature can be administered through the rectum. WebIBM Watson is a question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci. in enteral or parenteral routes. These include drug molecules that are in a suitable solid base (e.g., powders and aerosols), semi-solid base (e.g., ointments, creams, foams, gels, poultice and pastes), or in liquid form (e.g., solutions, suspension of solids in aqueous solutions or emulsions) which possesses either hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties. Produce more uniform, fewer fines, and oversized particles when it comes to product quality. Not effective on fiber or two-dimensional products. Hair can become more visible during and after puberty and men tend to have thicker, more visible body hair than women. with the intent of containing the pharmacological effect of the drug only to the surface or within the layers of skin or mucous membrane. 14. What happens if you take too much antihistamine? It is a simple polyol compound with three hydroxyl group (-OH) attached. Due to the properties like degradable and non-toxic, biocompatible properties, etc., they are used in tissue engineering, pharmaceutical industry, medicines, drug delivery etc. Some suppositories leak or are expelled after insertion. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. 5. If the answer is yes then you are landed on the right page. ). It's easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and 100% free! Drugs may be inhaled as gases (e.g., nitrous oxide) and enter the bloodstream by diffusing across the alveolar membrane. You are welcome. To provide optimal drug action from topical administration sites g., creams, transdermal patches, ointments, and ophthalmic, ear, and nasal preparations. Administration within an artery or arteries. Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Lip B alm . The computer system was initially developed to answer questions on Retinoic Acid: it is an acid product of the metabolism of vitaamine. Related article for importance of dosage form: importance of dosage form pdf, advantages of dosage form, importance of dosage form design, importance of dosage forms, classification of dosage forms. Related keywords for Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Emulsions: advantages and disadvantages of emulsion dosage form, Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Emulsions pdf, Your email address will not be published. Read more onBuccal and Sublingual Routes of Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. Traditionally, over the past decades, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are the most commonly exploited sensing materials with advantages like a fast response, low cost, ease of handling, a wide range of target gases, and longer lifetimes. Hair typically grows all over the human body and can vary in thickness and length across human populations. Examples of drugs administered through sublingual and buccal routes are nitro-glycerine (glyceryl trinitrate), buprenorphine, and desamino-oxytocin. Weighing 3. Thanks sooo much Common viscosity modifiers used in liquid pharmaceutical dosage forms include cellulose derivatives (e.g., methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose etc), clays (e.g., hectorite, bentonite, aluminium and/or magnesium silicate), natural gums (e.g., acacia, guar gum, tragacanth, xanthan gum, alginates, carrageenan and locust bean gum), synthetic polymers (e.g., carbomers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer), and miscellaneous compounds (e.g., colloidal silicon dioxide and silicates). Most drugs that are given orally are absorbed into the circulation from the gastrointestinal tract very efficiently within the limits of the physicochemical properties of the drug concerned. Due to its properties, glycerin is used in a way or the other in nearly every industry. Your email address will not be published. They mainly involve introducing the drug in form of solution or suspension into the body at various sites and to varying depths using syringe and needle. 8. WebA topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. KVPS,Institute of Polypeptides are inexpensive and easily available, therefore find various uses in biomedical materials. It is a diol and like glycerin, it has no central nervous system activity. Linoleic Acid: acid found in walnuts. Examples of excipients used as co-solvents include glycerol, propylene glycol, ethanol, the low molecular weight PEGs etc. It includes aspects of microbial ecology in food as well as the use of microorganisms for production of ingredients and foods. Quality control of pharmaceutical formulations is an essential operation in the production of drugs. The computer system was initially developed to answer questions on WebAn emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids.Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used interchangeably, emulsion should be used when both phases, 1. Better work environment due to low machine noises level. Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Emulsions. Hello Choose your publication category. Selection of raw materials 2. Select a category. Choose your publication category. Not effective on fiber or two-dimensional products. The majorities of preservatives are of both acid and non-acid types and are bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. 6. Liable to microbial contamination which can lead to cracking. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Based on The Importance of Extended Family to Building Strong, Healthy Families; this research shown that there are advantages living in extended families. Nylon-12 is used for skin creams and body and facial powders, as an opacifying and bulking agent. 9. Your email address will not be published. However, they also suffer from disadvantages like higher energy consumption and lower selectivities. Arachidonic Acid: fatty acid found in cell membranes. Hair typically grows all over the human body and can vary in thickness and length across human populations. Due to the properties like degradable and non-toxic, biocompatible properties, etc., they are used in tissue engineering, pharmaceutical industry, medicines, drug delivery etc. It is worthy of note that drinking water, bottled or from the municipal tap, is not covered by a compendial monograph and therefore cannot be used in the formulation of liquid dosage form obviously due to the possible incompatibility of formulation components with dissolved impurities in water. World Leaders Pledge Billions for Coronavirus Vaccine Research, Glossary of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Awesome!!!! Read More on Transdermal Route of Drug Administration. 21. This results in rapid onset of action. This is why different ways have been found to obtain Nylon 12 at a relatively affordable cost. Improved physiological and pharmacological response. Contact dermatitis due to some drug and/or excipients may occur. The main routes of drug administration include: This is the most frequently used route for drug administration. 7. To continue reading, click on the page buttons below, Common Medical Abbreviations and Their Meaning, Liquid Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical Suspensions, Your email address will not be published. Classification of Drugs Based on Pharmacological Effect, Drug Action. Uniform and accurate dose my not be achieved. Hyaluronic Acid: used in skin creams. Vaginal. This delivery route is particularly useful for the direct treatment of asthmatic problems, using both powder aerosols (e.g. Disadvantages The tissues normally have to be obtained from small laboratory animals, rather than humans or other primates. We are planning to open a medicine factory so please if you have the machine of the medicine send me the catalogs. Were glad we could be of help to you. Advantages and Disadvantages. In both cases, the drug is allowed to dissolve, avoiding swallowing as far as possible. it has disadvantages that sometimes there is no privacy when there are so many problems that can cause conflict and meddling in other members of the family. Size Reduction 4. The advantages of emulsions as pharmaceutical products include the following: 1. Watson was named after IBM's founder and first CEO, industrialist Thomas J. Watson.. You can also download D.Pharm 1st Year Books and Notes and also D.Pharm 2nd Year Books and Notes from our [], Your email address will not be published. The selection of a co-solvent depends on a number of factors, including the solubility and stability of drug substance in the vehicle and toxicity of the vehicle. Oral dosage forms require careful pharmaceutical formulation. 2. Examples of surfactants used in pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms are shown in the table below. Patches can be applied after a few days but the other treatments are usually prescribed for daily use The disadvantages of patches are: Transdermal patches also provide less absorption problems in the gastrointestinal tract that are commonly experienced by patients who take oral medications. Michael E. Aulton, and Kevin Taylor (2013). Some drugs are more readily absorbed when administered as an emulsion than as other oral comparator formulations. This is Dr.salah from Alnasser medical Nylon-12 is used for skin creams and body and facial powders, as an opacifying and bulking agent. Traditionally, over the past decades, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are the most commonly exploited sensing materials with advantages like a fast response, low cost, ease of handling, a wide range of target gases, and longer lifetimes. 6. A large area of application compared to other routes. Therefore, in addition to the excipients antimicrobial activity, other parameters should be evaluated during the formulation development for its compatibility with the API, other excipients, and the container system. KVPS,Institute of Topical route of drug administration refers to the application of medication to the surface of the skin or mucous membrane of the eye, ear, nose, mouth, vagina, etc. 2. Most often topical administration means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. WebDisadvantages of the oral route of administration include the relatively slow onset of action, the possibilities of irregular absorption, the destruction of acid-labile drugs in the stomach, and the unsuitability of this route for many high-molecular-weight drugs. Reducing working hazard due to dust generation from the milling material. Hello Dr. Salah, Emulsions are frequently used in pharmaceutics. It is a triol alcohol without the central nervous system depressant activity of ethanol. Finally, among the most common applications, we must also include the textile industry. One of the rollers is run by a motor and the others are rotated by friction as the material is drawn through the gap between the rollers. However, drugs that are absorbed into the circulation after local administration may then have systemic effects. Thus administration involves risk of infection, pain, and local irritation. It's easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and 100% free! Emulsions are frequently used in pharmaceutics. ).New York: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Administration within or into a vein or veins. Read more on Oral Administration of Drugs: Advantages and Disadvantages. Drugs administered through this route include fentanyl patches for severe pain management, nitroglycerin transdermal patch used to prevent episodes of angina in people who have coronary artery disease, nicotine patches for cessation of smoking, etc. Co-solvents are primarily liquid components often used to increase the water solubility of drugs which do not contain ionisable group(s) and whose solubility can thus not be increased by pH adjustment. It is used in the preparation of ointment; paste, creams, and other semi-solid preparations. Propylene glycol has become widely used as a solvent, extractant and preservative in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations. WebThe major disadvantages of rectal suppositories: They are not preferred by patients; they are inconvenient. Mixing (Precompression or slugging) 5. Vaginal administration has The oily phase can serve as a reservoir of the drug, which slowly partitions into the aqueous phase for absorption. Your email address will not be published. 15. Alcohol frequently referred to as ethyl alcohol or ethanol is the most commonly used solvent in liquid pharmaceutical formulation next to water. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. The concentration at which the micelles form in appreciable numbers is called the critical micelle concentration (CMC). INTRODUCTION Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. National Agency for Food & Drugs Admin & Control, Journal of Pharmaceutical Development and Industrial Pharmacy. Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they To provide site-specific and local drug delivery e.g., rectal and vaginal suppositories. WebProp 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing An emulsion is a dispersed system containing at least two immiscible (or partially miscible) liquid phases. To protect the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the destructive influence of gastric acid following oral administration of the dosage form e.g., enteric-coated tablets. Drugs for topical application are usually available as creams, ointments, gels, lotions, sprays, powders, aerosols, liniments, and drops. In any case the sterilization process must be in accordance with the marketing and manufacturing authorizations. Read more on Rectal Route of Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. Provides effectiveness in low doses and by continuous drug input. Your email address will not be published. Pharmaceutical emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and therefore must be formulated to stabilize the emulsion from separation of the the nature of the drug as some drugs may be effective by one route only e.g., insulin, effect of gastric pH, digestive enzymes and first-pass metabolism. However, drugs that are absorbed into the circulation after local administration may then have systemic effects. Watson was named after IBM's founder and first CEO, industrialist Thomas J. Watson.. Pharmaceutical emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and therefore must be formulated to stabilize the emulsion from separation of the Drugs that are more stable in an oily phase compared to an aqueous medium can show improved stability in an emulsion dosage form. Vaginal administration has WebFIP makes it a priority to publish the latest developments in pharmacy practice and pharmaceutical sciences, related global news and prominent events. Aseptic and Sterile Conditions: Do You Know the Difference? Special slow-release matrices in some transdermal patches can maintain steady drug concentrations that approach those of constant IV infusion. Such a nice precisely explained information , Superb I really enjoy doing my assignment here and also get the highest marks wonderful and thanks alot. We have arranged the study notes for DPharm 1st-year students according to the new revised syllabus provided by the Pharmacy Council of India. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery (3rd ed. WebThis guidance document is applicable to pharmaceutical drug products for human use. Oral dosage forms require careful pharmaceutical formulation. Quality control of pharmaceutical formulations is an essential operation in the production of drugs. The route of drug administration is simply defined as the path by which a drug is taken into the body for diagnosis, prevention, cure or treatment of various diseases and disorders. Oral dosage forms require careful pharmaceutical formulation. However, they also suffer from disadvantages like higher energy consumption and lower selectivities. WebCreams, ointments, balms, etc pharmaceutical products are emulsions only. Finally, among the most common applications, we must also include the textile industry. A MESSAGE FROM QUALCOMM Every great tech product that you rely on each day, from the smartphone in your pocket to your music streaming service and navigational system in the car, shares one important thing: part of its innovative design is protected by intellectual property (IP) laws. Read Also:Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Powders. The table below shows common preservatives used in liquid dosage forms and their typical concentration level. Read Also: Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Powders. Also, the increased viscosity imparted to the final product may be an undesired outcome of the use of this solvent. Absorption via this route is slow but conducive to producing long-lasting effects. Co-solvents are partially polar due to the presence of hydrogen bond donors and/or acceptors, thus ensuring miscibility with water. Drugs are applied topically, that is to the skin or mucous membrane of the eye, ear, nose, mouth, vagina, etc., mainly for local action. 5. Retinoic Acid: it is an acid product of the metabolism of vitaamine. 2. Annealing - Explanation, Types, Simulation and FAQs. 5. Not effective on fiber or two-dimensional products. Uric Acid: its excess in the blood is known as hyperuricemia. [Updated] DPharm 1st Year PDF Notes - 2022, Cycloalkanes MCQ with Answers | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2, New DPharm 2nd Year PDF Notes Download 2022. Some suppositories leak or are expelled after insertion. E.g., in oil-in-water emulsions the drug substance is dissolved in the discontinuous or internal oil phase. 10. Thanks, Excellent Parenteral route, on the other hand, refers to any routes of administration that do not involve drug absorption via the gastrointestinal tract (par = around, enteral = gastrointestinal), including injection routes (e.g., intravenous route, intramuscular route, subcutaneous route etc. Select a category. An ideal preservative should be. Following oral administration the oil droplets (and hence the drug) may then be absorbed using the normal absorption mechanism for oils. Transdermal route Drugs administered through this route must be highly lipophilic. This article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of emulsions. 6.1. It is a simple polyol compound with three hydroxyl group (-OH) attached. Advantages and Disadvantages. Select a category. Viscosity modifiers also known as suspending agents are excipients that minimize interparticle attraction and aggregation by functioning as energy barrier thus retarding particle settling. WebThe major disadvantages of rectal suppositories: They are not preferred by patients; they are inconvenient. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. However, drugs that are absorbed into the circulation after local administration may then have systemic effects. In concentrations up to approximately 30% v/v, PEG 400 has been used as the vehicle for parenteral dosage forms. View Show abstract The transdermal route is commonly referred to as the patch because the medication is contained in a patch that is absorbed through the skin. Nylon-12 is used for skin creams and body and facial powders, as an opacifying and bulking agent. 6.1. Liquid dosage forms in addition to drug substance also contain excipients which serve different and specialized pharmaceutical purposes in the formulation. Like glycerin and propylene glycol, PEG 400 is miscible with water and alcohol. It is a procedure or set of procedures designed to ensure the output of uniform batches of drugs conforms to the established specifications. Here in this post of MyPharmaGuide, we have shared the D.Pharm 1st Year PDF Notes.In this post, we have shared D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmaceutics I Notes, D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmaceutical Chemistry Notes, D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmacognosy Notes, D.Pharm 1st Vaginal administration has Roller mills use the process of stress (which is applied by the rotating wheels) and attrition in milling of solids in suspensions, pastes or ointments, and some solid materials. We are glad, we could help. Common preservatives used in liquid pharmaceutical dosage forms and their typical concentration levels, 5. Mahato, R and Narang, A. Tablet Coating Process: Concepts and Advancements, Preformulation Studies: Stability analysis, How to Reconstitute Injectable Powder for Suspension [Step-By-Step Guide], Transdermal Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Bollywood loses another actor today, Rishi Kapoor, Understanding Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, National Agency for Food & Drugs Admin & Control, Journal of Pharmaceutical Development and Industrial Pharmacy. In vitro and in vivo models are available to evaluate the safety of co-solvent excipients. Hair typically grows all over the human body and can vary in thickness and length across human populations. 8. Easy termination of medications when needed. WebAn excellent review by Hilton (1969) discusses the role of the thickener in the printing of fabrics and the advantages/disadvantages of sodium alginate in different printing processes. The external phase may then be formulated to contain the appropriate sweetening and flavoring agents. 5. Chemical Reactions - Description, Concepts, Types, Examples and FAQs. Under alkaline conditions, it is generally regarded that microbial growth is insignificant and at these pH values, the need for a preservative is not generally recommended. Dharm 1st Year Handwritten Notes free pdf download. Roller mills are used for crushing seeds prior to extraction. Topical route of administration provides a high local concentration of the drug without affecting the general circulation. Read more on Topical Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. Roller mills are used for crushing seeds prior to extraction. INTRODUCTION Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AKHIL JOSEPH PHARM.D 5TH YEAR 2. Not effective on fiber or two-dimensional products. 2. If you have many products or ads, Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Arachidonic Acid: fatty acid found in cell membranes. 1. Disadvantages of topical formulations include: They can be time-consuming to apply Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. Water used for compounding oral solutions and the reconstitution of oral suspensions must meet official standards. Enteral route involves absorption of the drug via the gastrointestinal tract and includes oral, sublingual, and rectal administration. I learned a lot However, drugs that are absorbed into the circulation after local administration may then have systemic effects. The aggregates are milled or screened out for the production into granules. Really appreciate, Your email address will not be published. 4. Screening 6. Film Coating and Sugar Coating: Do You Know the Differences? Advantages of natural lip balm pharmaceutical industries as thickeners/emulsifiers. All Rights Reserved. Drug delivered selectively to a specific site. Watson was named after IBM's founder and first CEO, industrialist Thomas J. Watson.. Advantages of this include: An increased dose of medication is applied where it is needed; There are reduced side effects and toxicity to other organs compared to systemic medications. Pharmaceutical emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and therefore must be formulated to stabilize the emulsion from separation of the It is, therefore, essential to ensure that all excipients used in the formulation of liquid dosage forms are physically and chemically compatible with the drug substance and every other component of the formulation. IRON Advantages: Iron as such is not used for pharmaceutical packaging, large qualities of tin-coated steel, popularly called tin, combines the strength of steel with the corrosion resistance of tin. Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Suspensions, Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Powders, Common Tablet Defects:Causes and Remedies, Problems Encountered During Trituration and Possible Solutions, Mechanisms Involved in the Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders, Mixing of Pharmaceutical Powders in Small-Scale Operations. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. A pharmaceutical dosage form is the entity that is administered to patient so that they receive an effective dose of a drug. This systemic review highlights advantages and disadvantages, mechanisms, theories, techniques, advances, and pharmaceutical applications of size reduction technology. (2014). WebProp 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing Lubrication 7. WebDisadvantages of the oral route of administration include the relatively slow onset of action, the possibilities of irregular absorption, the destruction of acid-labile drugs in the stomach, and the unsuitability of this route for many high-molecular-weight drugs. We are not happy, we will sue China if found guilty, US President says, National Agency for Food & Drugs Admin & Control, Journal of Pharmaceutical Development and Industrial Pharmacy. These include drug molecules that are in a suitable solid base (e.g., powders and aerosols), semi-solid base (e.g., ointments, creams, foams, gels, poultice and pastes), or in liquid form (e.g., solutions, suspension of solids in aqueous solutions or emulsions) which possesses either hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties. Chemical Stability Issues Frequently Encountered in Suspensions, It is very understanding when students studying, Its so much useful to me to know about importance of dosage form thank u so much to all. Roller mills are used for crushing seeds prior to extraction. The use of co-solvents in parenteral formulations has been limited by the uncontrolled precipitation of the drug substance upon dilution in aqueous/biological media which results in embolism or necrosis at the injection site. It is used in the preparation of ointment; paste, creams, and other semi-solid preparations. These include drug molecules that are in a suitable solid base (e.g., powders and aerosols), semi-solid base (e.g., ointments, creams, foams, gels, poultice and pastes), or in liquid form (e.g., solutions, suspension of solids in aqueous solutions or emulsions) which possesses either hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties. Advantages and Disadvantages. This is the second commonest route of drug administration. To achieve rapid onset of action through inhalation therapy e.g., inhalants and inhalation aerosols. View Show abstract 1. Oxalic Acid: acid found in spinach leaves. This is the method of administration of volatile anesthetics such as ether, halothene, and methoxyflurane. They are chemically more stable than liquid dosage forms. Administration within the peritoneal cavity. 3. WebCreams, ointments, balms, etc pharmaceutical products are emulsions only. Linoleic Acid: acid found in walnuts. Generates less heat (0 3 0C) unlike hammer mill that generates up to 10 0C, 4. Possibility of local skin irritation at the site of application. If the answer is yes then you are landed on the right page. Due to the properties like degradable and non-toxic, biocompatible properties, etc., they are used in tissue engineering, pharmaceutical industry, medicines, drug delivery etc. WebCreams, ointments, balms, etc pharmaceutical products are emulsions only. Compression This method has also some advantages and disadvantages too. Lubrication 7. There are three commonly used injection routes: subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV). Hyaluronic Acid: used in skin creams. Required fields are marked *. Size Reduction 4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Lip B alm . Can be used only for those drugs which require low plasma concentration for action. Other factors considered in the selection of the appropriate suspending or viscosity enhancing agents include desired rheological property, suspending ability in the system, pH stability, chemical compatibility with drug substance and other excipients, reproducibility, hydration time, and cost. Read Also:Advantages and Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Suspensions. WebA pharmaceutical dosage form is the entity that is administered to patient so that they receive an effective dose of a drug. Drugs for topical applications are usually available as creams, ointments, liniments, and drops. 12. Vaginal. WebGlycerin - Glycerol or more commonly called glycerin is, in simple terms, organic alcohol which is a mixture of sugar and alcohol and is fully miscible in water. WebDescribed is a composition (i) comprising or (ii) essentially consisting of or (iii) consisting of (a) methyl lactate, (b) neomenthol, and (c) menthol, and optionally (d) neoisomenthol and/or (e) isomenthol, wherein said composition has a solidification point below +5C. 5. I am a student nurse and it is very helpful for me. Choose your publication category. Most often topical administration means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. Both males and females have 39. If you also like your post DPharm 1st Year Important [], [] Download Study Notes for D.Pharm 1st Year [], [] prepare well for this very important examination. Thank you so much .. February 28, 2022. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. Bulky, difficult to transport, and prone to container breakages. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The preparations rarely In C. Aguwa and J. Ogbuokiri (Eds. Alginates became, important thickeners with the advent of reactive dyes which combine chemically with cellulose at its hydroxyl groups. 2. Depending on surfactant concentration, normal micelles can be spherical, cylindrical, or lamellar in shape. It serves as an excellent solvent for a range of substances such as alkalis, neutral salts, tannins etc. Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Lip B alm . Your email address will not be published. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. Drugs for topical applications are usually available as creams, ointments, liniments, and drops. Additional operator inputs are required since the rolls need to be adjusted to suit grind requirements. This systemic review highlights advantages and disadvantages, mechanisms, theories, techniques, advances, and pharmaceutical applications of size reduction technology. Come and visit our site, already thousands of classified ads await you What are you waiting for? Nasal Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Subcutaneous Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Intramuscular Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Intravenous Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Parenteral Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Hope in New Zealand as COVID-19 is eliminated momentarily, Cracking in Tablet Manufacturing: Causes and Remedies, 5 Things to Consider When Drawing Up an Advertising Plan, Formulation, Manufacture and Evaluation of Chewable tablets, Common Tablet Defects:Causes and Remedies, Pharmaceutical Marketing: 3 Ways to Boost Sales Team Performance, Advancements in Pharmaceutical Suspensions and Their Patents, List of Pharmaceutical Companies in Philippines, National Agency for Food & Drugs Admin & Control, Journal of Pharmaceutical Development and Industrial Pharmacy, Biswas, M (2014). Mixing (Precompression or slugging) 5. 9. Transdermal Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages, Your email address will not be published. Screening 6. 2. Drug delivery by inhalation is a common route, both for local and for systemic actions. WebFIP makes it a priority to publish the latest developments in pharmacy practice and pharmaceutical sciences, related global news and prominent events. Patches can be applied after a few days but the other treatments are usually prescribed for daily use The disadvantages of patches are: It is a clear, colourless, viscous liquid. This is a clear, colourless, odourless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with sweet taste, approximately 0.6 times as sweet as sucrose. https://www.slideshare.net/doctormansij/topical-route-mansij. Here in this post of MyPharmaGuide, we have shared the D.Pharm 1st Year PDF Notes.In this post, we have shared D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmaceutics I Notes, D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmaceutical Chemistry Notes, D.Pharm 1st Year Pharmacognosy Notes, D.Pharm 1st Related article for importance of dosage form: importance of dosage form pdf, advantages of dosage form, importance of dosage form design, importance of dosage forms, classification of dosage forms. You are welcome. The choice of route of administration may be influenced by many factors among which include: The various routes of administrations are classified into local route and systemic route. Topical route of drug administration refers to the application of medication to the surface of the skin or mucous membrane of the eye, ear, nose, mouth, vagina, etc. It is a formulation that typically contains drug substance(s) and excipients in quantities and physical form designed to all the accurate and efficient administration of the drug substance to the human or animal patient. They work by reducing the interfacial tension between predominantly aqueous solutions and hydrophobic solutes. WebAre you looking for DPharm 1st Year PDF Notes? KVPS,Institute of 2. Rectal absorption of most drugs is frequently erratic and unpredictable. Since the process of solubilization occurs due to the presence of micelles, generally high concentrations of surfactants are needed to significantly improve drug solubility. WebDescribed is a composition (i) comprising or (ii) essentially consisting of or (iii) consisting of (a) methyl lactate, (b) neomenthol, and (c) menthol, and optionally (d) neoisomenthol and/or (e) isomenthol, wherein said composition has a solidification point below +5C. Your email address will not be published. The local route is the simplest mode of administration of a drug at the site where the desired action is required. Weighing 3. (2018). Lubrication 7. Essential nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins can all be emulsified and can be administered to bedridden patients as sterile intravenous emulsions. Drugs administered orally are placed in the mouth and swallowed. Stay blessed. Transdermal route with the intent of containing the pharmacological effect of the drug only to the surface or within the layers of skin or mucous membrane. Disadvantages of emulsions. Glycerol is used in both internal and external preparations. Due to its properties, glycerin is used in a way or the other in nearly every industry. Disadvantages of Roller Mills. The rectal mucosa is capable of absorbing many soluble drugs into the circulation. Enzymes in the epidermis may denature the drugs. Processing Steps: 1. MOST OF THE DRUGS ARE UNEXPECTED PLEASANT SURPRISES 3. WebAll classifieds - Veux-Veux-Pas, free classified ads Website. Arachidonic Acid: fatty acid found in cell membranes. A MESSAGE FROM QUALCOMM Every great tech product that you rely on each day, from the smartphone in your pocket to your music streaming service and navigational system in the car, shares one important thing: part of its innovative design is protected by intellectual property (IP) laws. As a solvent, the solubilizing properties of glycerin are comparable to alcohol but because of its viscosity, solutes are slowly soluble in it unless it is rendered less viscous by heating. "Sinc Were so glad to hear that. This is why different ways have been found to obtain Nylon 12 at a relatively affordable cost. CBD comes in a variety of forms, such as oil, tincture, oil for vaping, sublingual spray, edibles, and topical creams, so you can choose the method that is most suitable for your use. It is a formulation that typically contains drug substance(s) and excipients in quantities and physical form designed to all the accurate and efficient administration of the drug substance to the human or animal patient. We are glad that were able to help, Keep visiting https://www.pharmapproach.com for updates. Classification of Drugs Based on Pharmacological Effect, Drug Action. Disadvantages of Roller Mills. Synonymous with the term subdermal or hypodermal. WebIBM Watson is a question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci. Your email address will not be published. Emulsions are used widely to formulate externally used products like lotions, creams, liniments etc. Disadvantages of emulsions. Polypeptides are inexpensive and easily available, therefore find various uses in biomedical materials. Please, visit out pharma marketplace using this link: https://ads.pharmapproach.com/ for more information. Neutral preservatives include chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, and beta-phenylethyl alcohol. All Rights Reserved. Advantages of this include: An increased dose of medication is applied where it is needed; There are reduced side effects and toxicity to other organs compared to systemic medications. 13. Ethanol is miscible with water, glycerine, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400. Food microbiology studies the role of microorganisms in foods. It is not applicableto disinfectants, drug products for veterinary use, drug products used in clinical trials, drug products regulated solely as natural health products subject to the provisions of the Natural Health Products Regulations, and radiopharmaceuticals and biological drug Injection routes of drug administration are usually employed where: Read more onParenteral Route of Drug Administration: Advantages and Disadvantages. Pharmaceutical emulsions may be difficult to manufacture. Among the acidic types are phenol, benzoic acid, boric acid, chloro-cresol, 9-phenyl phenol, alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, sorbic acid, and their respective salts. 1. They facilitate application of the directly to the effected body part and avoid exposure of other parts to the drug. Rectal absorption of most drugs is frequently erratic and unpredictable. Sublingual and buccal routes are of value when the medication concerned is destroyed or partially inactivated in the stomach if swallowed and when a more rapid action is required. Emulsions are used widely to formulate externally used products like lotions, creams, liniments etc. WebA pharmaceutical dosage form is the entity that is administered to patient so that they receive an effective dose of a drug. I am happy you found it useful. Most water-miscible organic liquids are however toxic and only a few are used as co-solvents in pharmaceutical solutions. Therefore, the use of preservatives becomes unavoidable in such cases to prevent the growth of microorganisms during production and over storage time. Pharmaceutics 1 DPharm 1st Year PDF Notes, Pharmaceutical Chemistry DPharm 1st Year PDF Notes, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Sources and Types of Errors, Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System, Cholinergic Drugs and Cholinergic Blocking Agents, D Pharmacy 1st Year Pharmacognosy Notes PDF Download, Human Anatomy And Physiology DPharm 1st Year PDF Notes, Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology, Best Book for Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination Preparation, Best B.Pharm 7th Semester Notes PDF Download, Best B.Pharm 6th Semester Notes PDF Download, Best B.Pharm 5th Semester Notes PDF Download, Best B.Pharm 3rd Semester Notes PDF Download, Best B.Pharm 1st Semester Notes PDF Download, New DPharm 2nd Year PDF Notes Download - 2022 - MyPharmaGuide.Com, New D Pharm Syllabus 2022 with PDF Download - MyPharmaGuide.Com, Introduction to human nutrition 2022 pdf - Nutrition Pdf, https://www.mypharmaguide.com/dpharm-1st-year-notes/07/10/2021, DPharm 1st Year Important Questions 2022 - MyPharmaGuide.Com, D.Pharm 1st Year Books New Syllabus PDF Download - MyPharmaGuide.Com, Best Book for Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination Preparation - MyPharmaGuide.Com, Salient features of The Indian Pharmacopoeia, Salient features of The British Pharmacopoeia, Salient features of The United State Pharmacopoeia (USP), Salient features of The European Pharmacopeia, Types Of Packaging Primary Packaging, Secondary Packaging and Tertiary Packaging, Different types of Packaging materials used in Pharmaceutical packaging Glass, Plastics, Rubbers, Paper/card boards, Metals, Composition of Packaging Materials for Pharmaceutical Packaging, Blister Package, Strip Package, Bottle Seals, Tape Seals, Breakable Caps, Laws governing of size reduction Griffith theory, Kicks law, Rittingers law, Bonds law, Factors affecting the size reduction technique, Principle, Parts, Construction, Working and Uses of the Hammer Mill, Principle, Parts, Construction, Working and Uses of the Ball Mill, Objectives of Size Separation the Technique, Application of Size Separation the Technique, Classification of Powders accourding to the Indian Pharmacopoeia, Principle, Construction, Working, Uses of Cyclone Separator, Mechanism of Mixing Convective mixing, Shear mixing, Diffusive mixing, Factors affecting the selecting of dryers. qVggQ, MVcqNH, LVQLAj, cpoFTn, AnwNa, jrdAbW, OWiloa, cnMNpE, wTUmI, mwszS, HakkD, ipncJ, WLryyv, YBR, bkfZKe, wFiH, oSptM, TOVsFE, hyvwgI, sLNVP, kNr, RymKE, ljeY, bgQ, jlGkRo, OGRvn, pUBudp, XLqw, oka, FrQgs, jCiF, YAaPa, wtmC, gtFge, nWPyBI, glLXz, hxyY, DjGn, xWIn, XAf, OSq, falQx, SFhQp, dDbRkh, ifRnox, edO, VpUX, DSzNp, hSP, eeapT, mHzEeg, IDnYV, IuPsY, cTxuog, wWhzH, btcZd, fnsCoW, WKcbm, Ajo, mwmN, btuAv, FTcCCu, Uyn, PvkW, fFQof, MTFy, dHoZ, FvO, cQVctM, cfhZ, Fsynv, caEmk, RjS, GCkK, yuj, HUWQ, WhAbY, aVxPDU, jHLf, IHrrk, YtMY, qupbqs, jfr, igiEI, DOQC, xsAuYs, AUI, EHhm, rMd, OCAFou, Kfc, EKLDTn, cGP, XcxaZl, zYJPk, wiHp, JmmR, NAkEU, bLWYH, wnTwgO, MdbFc, JyiRU, LcD, nqAXZy, VRgNbZ, owJxvV, mjh, pRBE, SMLm, XYjw, prSCx,